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Brook stickleback
The brook stickleback (''Culaea inconstans'') is a small freshwater fish that is distributed across the US and Canada. It grows to a length of about 2 inches. It occupies the northern part of the eastern United States, as well as the southern half of Canada. Small populations are scattered throughout the Mississippi-Great Lakes basin extending to Colorado, New Mexico, Kentucky, Tennessee, etc., though some of these areas are not native to the species. This small fish inhabits clear, cool streams and lakes. They eat small invertebrates, algae, insect larvae, and occasionally their own eggs. They are also preyed upon by smallmouth bass and northern pike.〔 Feeding time is usually dawn and sunset. The brook stickleback does have active competition mostly from minnows, but feeding times are different, along with diet.〔Stewart, D.B. 2007. (Fish diets and food webs in the Northwest Territories: brook stickleback (''Culaea inconstans''). ) Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2798: 1-17〕 Spawning occurs in midsummer. Males secure a territory, build a nest, and mate with females. Males provide protection for the eggs, ward off predators, and usually die later in the season. This is considered an annual species. The nests are built out of aquatic grasses.〔Acere, T.O. 1986. Age, growth and life history of ''Culaea inconstans'' (Pisces: Gasterostidae) in Delta Marsh Lake Manitoba. Hydrobiologia 135: 35-44〕 Though the brook stickleback is not considered a threatened species, deforesting and changing waters are altering ecosystems of the species. Harvesting of trees around riparian environments is having a large effect of the stream ecosystem where the brook stickleback resides.〔Chizinski, C. J. 2010. The influence of partial timber harvesting in riparian buffers on macroinvertebrate and fish communities in small streams in Minnesota, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 1946-1958〕
==Description==
The brook stickleback has a tapered body with a slim caudal peduncle and a fan-shaped tail. It very much resembles the ninespine stickleback but only has five, or occasionally six, dorsal spines. It also lacks lateral bony plates. Most of the year the colouring is grayish or olive green with a varying amount of indistinct mottling, but during the spawning season, males are nearly black and females have darker and lighter patches. This species grows to a maximum length of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brook stickleback: ''Culaea inconstans'' )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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